Aktu Study Zone
Professional Communication
Fundamentals of Communication
- Distinction between General and Technical communication
- Levels of communication: Interpersonal, Organizational, Mass communications
- Barriers to Communication
Constituents of Technical Written Communication
- Word formation
- Synonyms and Antonyms
- Paragraph Development Techniques
- The Art of Condensation
Business Communication Principles
- Types and Writing of Reports
- Technical Proposal
- Negotiation & Business Presentation skills
Presentation Strategies and Listening Skills
- Organizing Contents
- Audio-visual Aids
- Body Language
- Listening Skills: Active and Passive Listening
Value-Based Text Readings
- Essays from suggested textbooks
Computer Concepts and Principles of Programming
Introduction to Computers
- Generations of Computer
- Classification of Computers
- Number Systems
- Introduction to Operating Systems
A Short History of Programming Languages
- Development of Early Languages
- Role of Programming Languages
- Concept of Algorithm and Flow Charts
Data Objects and Structures
- Data Types
- Arrays, Records, Lists
- Methods, Classes, Inheritance
Naming and Referencing Environments
- Recursive Sub Programs
- Static and Dynamic Scope
- Encapsulation, Abstraction, Abstract Data Types
Accounting and Financial Management
Overview and Mechanics of Accounting
- Accounting concepts and principles
- Double entry system of accounting
- Preparation of final accounts
Analysis of Financial Statement
- Ratio Analysis
- Common Size Statement
- Comparative Balance Sheet
Funds Flow Statement
- Concept of Gross and Net Working Capital
- Preparation of Funds Flow Statement
- Cash Flow Statement
Discrete Mathematics
Set Theory
- Introduction, Size of sets and cardinals
- Relations and Functions
- Notion of Proof
Lattices and Boolean Algebra
- Partial order sets
- Lattices Properties
- Boolean Algebra
Propositional & Predicate Logic
- Propositions and Truth tables
- Theory of Inference
- Predicate Logic
Recurrence Relations and Combinatorics
- Methods of solving recurrences
- Counting Techniques
- Pigeonhole Principle
Computer Organization
Digital Electronics and Data Representation
- Positional Numbering Systems
- Arithmetic and Boolean Algebra
- Memory Hierarchy
Memory and Register Transfer
- Bus Architecture
- Memory Management
- Control Design
Processor Design and Input-Output Organization
- Processor Organization
- Input-Output Interface
- RISC & CISC Architecture
Computer Based Numerical & Statistical Techniques
Floating Point Arithmetic and Iterative Methods
- Representation of floating point numbers
- Iterative Methods for solving equations
Simultaneous Linear Equations and Interpolation
- Solutions of system of Linear equations
- Polynomial Interpolation
Numerical Differentiation, Integration, and Solution of Differential Equations
- Numerical Differentiation
- Numerical Integration
- Solution of Differential Equations
Curve Fitting and Regression Analysis
- Curve fitting
- Regression analysis
- Time series and forecasting
Data Structures
Introduction and Arrays
- Basic Terminology
- Array Operations
- Application of Arrays
Stacks and Recursion
- Stack Operations
- Application of Stack
- Recursion
Queues and Linked Lists
- Queue Operations
- Linked List Representation
- Doubly linked list
Trees and Sorting Techniques
- Binary Trees
- Binary Search Trees
- Sorting Algorithms
Graphs and File Structures
- Graph Terminology
- Graph Representations
- File Structures
Introduction to Automata Theory & Formal Languages
Basic concepts of Automata Theory
- Alphabets, Strings and Languages
- Finite Automata
- Regular Expressions
Regular Expressions and Languages
- Kleen’s Theorem
- Pumping Lemma for regular Languages
- Finite Automata with Output
Context Free Grammars and Push Down Automata
- Definition and Description
- Closure properties of CFLs
- Push Down Automata
Turing Machines and Undecidability
- Basic Features of a Turing Machine
- Turing Machine Variants
- Undecidability
Software Engineering and Project Management
Software Process and Project Management
- Software Process Models
- Project Planning and Scheduling
- Risk Management
Software Metrics and Quality Management
- Software Metrics
- Quality Assurance and Quality Control
- Software Testing
Advanced Software Engineering Concepts
- Agile Software Development
- Software Design Patterns
- Software Reusability and Maintenance
Software Project Management Tools
- Version Control Systems
- Issue Tracking Systems
- Project Management Tools
Operating Systems
Introduction to Operating Systems
- Overview and History
- Functions of Operating Systems
- Types of Operating Systems
Process Management
- Process States and Scheduling
- Process Synchronization
- Deadlocks
Memory Management
- Memory Hierarchy
- Virtual Memory
- Memory Allocation Techniques
File Systems
- File Concepts
- File Organization and Access Methods
- File System Implementation
Computer Networks
Introduction to Computer Networks
- Network Fundamentals
- Network Models
- Types of Networks
Data Link Layer and Network Layer
- Data Link Layer Protocols
- Network Layer Protocols
- Routing Algorithms
Transport Layer and Application Layer
- Transport Layer Protocols
- Application Layer Protocols
- Network Security
Wireless and Mobile Communication
- Wireless Networks
- Mobile IP
- Wireless Security
Database Management Systems
Introduction to DBMS
- Database System Concepts and Architecture
- Data Models
- Relational Database Management Systems
Database Design and Normalization
- Entity-Relationship Model
- Functional Dependencies
- Normalization Techniques
Query Processing and Optimization
- SQL Queries
- Query Optimization Techniques
- Transaction Management
Database Security and Distributed Databases
- Database Security Issues
- Distributed DBMS Concepts
- Replication and Fragmentation
Web Technologies
Introduction to Web Technologies
- Client-Server Architecture
- Web Development Tools
- Web Standards and Protocols
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
- HTML5 Features
- CSS3 Styling
- JavaScript Programming Basics
Server-Side Programming
- Introduction to Server-Side Technologies
- PHP Programming
- Node.js Basics
Web Security and E-commerce Applications
- Web Security Issues
- E-commerce Concepts
- Payment Gateways
Software Testing and Quality Assurance
Introduction to Software Testing
- Testing Principles
- Testing Levels and Types
- Test Case Design Techniques
Software Quality Assurance
- Quality Assurance Process
- Quality Standards and Metrics
- Continuous Integration and Delivery
Testing Tools and Automation
- Test Management Tools
- Automated Testing Tools
- Performance Testing
Software Reliability and Security Testing
- Reliability Testing Techniques
- Security Testing Methods
- Penetration Testing
Mathematics I
Unit 1: Differential Calculus
Limits and Continuity
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Differentiation
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Unit 2: Integral Calculus
Integration Techniques
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Applications of Integration
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Physics I
Unit 1: Mechanics
Newton's Laws of Motion
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Work, Energy, and Power
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Unit 2: Properties of Matter
Elasticity and Fluids
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Thermal Properties of Matter
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Chemistry I
Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
Atomic Models
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Chemical Bonding Theories
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Unit 2: States of Matter
Gaseous State
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Liquid State
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Engineering Graphics
Unit 1: Geometrical Construction
Basic Geometric Figures
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Orthographic Projections
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Unit 2: Computer-Aided Drafting
AutoCAD Basics
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2D and 3D Drawing
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Mathematics II
Unit 1: Linear Algebra
Matrices and Determinants
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Vector Spaces
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Unit 2: Differential Equations
First Order Differential Equations
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Higher Order Differential Equations
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Physics II
Unit 1: Optics
Reflection and Refraction
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Interference and Diffraction
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Unit 2: Electricity and Magnetism
Electrostatics
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Magnetic Fields
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Environmental Studies
Unit 1: Ecology and Ecosystems
Types of Ecosystems
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Ecological Succession
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Unit 2: Environmental Pollution and Control
Air Pollution
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Water Pollution
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Basic Electrical Engineering
Unit 1: DC Circuits
Ohm's Law
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Kirchhoff's Laws
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Unit 2: AC Circuits
AC Fundamentals
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Single Phase and Three Phase Circuits
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Computer Programming
Unit 1: Programming Fundamentals
Introduction to Programming
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Control Structures
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Unit 2: Data Structures and Algorithms
Arrays and Linked Lists
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Sorting Algorithms
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Electronics I
Unit 1: Semiconductor Devices
Diodes
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Transistors
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Unit 2: Analog Circuits
Op-Amps
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Filters
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Mechanical Engineering I
Unit 1: Mechanics of Solids
Stress and Strain
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Shear Force and Bending Moment
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Unit 2: Thermodynamics I
Laws of Thermodynamics
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Heat Engines
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Mathematics III
Unit 1: Probability and Statistics
Probability Theory
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Statistical Distributions
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Unit 2: Numerical Methods
Root Finding Methods
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Numerical Integration
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Computer Networks
Unit 1: Network Fundamentals
Introduction to Networks
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Network Topologies
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Unit 2: Network Protocols
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
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Routing Algorithms
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Digital Electronics
Unit 1: Digital Logic Design
Boolean Algebra
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Combinational Circuits
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Unit 2: Sequential Circuits
Flip-Flops
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Counters and Registers
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Database Management Systems
Unit 1: Relational Model
Entity-Relationship Model
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SQL Queries
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Unit 2: Database Design
Normalization
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Transaction Management
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Operating Systems
Unit 1: Operating System Principles
Process Management
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Memory Management
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Unit 2: File Systems
File Organization
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Disk Scheduling Algorithms
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Software Engineering
Unit 1: Software Development Life Cycle
Requirements Engineering
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Software Design Patterns
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Unit 2: Software Testing
Testing Strategies
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Test Automation
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Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
Unit 1: Microprocessor Architecture
8085 Architecture
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Instruction Set
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Unit 2: Microcontroller Programming
Embedded C Programming
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I/O Interface
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Control Systems
Unit 1: Control System Components
Transfer Function
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Feedback Control
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Unit 2: PID Controllers
Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control
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Control System Stability
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Data Communication
Unit 1: Data Transmission Basics
Analog and Digital Signals
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Modulation Techniques
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Unit 2: Network Security
Cryptography
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Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems
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Artificial Intelligence
Unit 1: AI Fundamentals
Intelligent Agents
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Search Algorithms
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Unit 2: Machine Learning
Supervised Learning
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Unsupervised Learning
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Mobile Computing
Unit 1: Mobile Application Development
Android Development
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iOS Development
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Unit 2: Mobile Networks
Wireless Communication
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Mobile Security
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Computer Graphics
Unit 1: 2D Graphics
Raster Graphics
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Vector Graphics
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Unit 2: 3D Graphics
3D Modeling
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Rendering Techniques
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Human-Computer Interaction
Unit 1: HCI Principles
User Interface Design
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Usability Testing
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Unit 2: Interaction Design
Information Architecture
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User-Centered Design
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Cloud Computing
Unit 1: Cloud Basics
Cloud Service Models
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Virtualization
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Unit 2: Cloud Security
Identity Management
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Data Privacy
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Big Data Analytics
Unit 1: Big Data Fundamentals
Data Sources
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Data Processing Techniques
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Unit 2: Data Mining
Association Rule Mining
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Classification and Clustering
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Cyber Security
Unit 1: Cyber Threats
Malware Analysis
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Network Security Protocols
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Unit 2: Cyber Defense Strategies
Intrusion Detection Systems
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Incident Response
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Blockchain Technology
Unit 1: Blockchain Fundamentals
Decentralization
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Consensus Mechanisms
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Unit 2: Smart Contracts
Ethereum Smart Contracts
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Blockchain Applications
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Project Work
Unit 1: Project Planning
Requirements Gathering
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Project Scope Definition
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Unit 2: Project Execution
Implementation
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Testing and Deployment
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Professional Ethics
Unit 1: Ethical Theories
Utilitarianism
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Deontology
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Unit 2: Workplace Ethics
Confidentiality
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Intellectual Property Rights
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